What is the definition of climate? a) The temperature at a specific time. b) The wind conditions in a region. c) The usual weather in a place during the year. d) The amount of rainfall in one month.
In Sindh province, what are the summers like? a) Mild with low temperatures. b) Hot with temperatures often over 46∘C. c) Cool with frequent rainfall. d) Dry with moderate temperatures.
What are the winter conditions in Sindh province? a) Very cold and snowy. b) Cool. c) Hot and dry. d) Mild and humid.
How much rain typically falls in Sindh province each year? a) 100 cm b) 15−18 cm c) 46 cm d) 5 cm
What is weather?
Weather is described as the day-to-day changes in which four factors in an area? a) Humidity, pressure, season, and time b) Temperature, rainfall, cloud, and wind c) Climate, latitude, altitude, and soil d) Sun, moon, stars, and tides
What is a key characteristic of weather regarding its changeability? a) It changes only once per season. b) It can change a lot within a short time. c) It remains the same for the entire year. d) It only changes when you move to a new area.
How quickly can different weather conditions occur? a) Over a few weeks b) Over a period of one year c) All in one place d) Across several provinces
I will generate multiple-choice questions for the text on climate change, covering all sentences, and provide the answer key.
Climate Change
What is Climate Change?
Climate change simply means a change in what? a) The world’s daily weather forecast. b) The number of storms in a year. c) The world’s normal climate patterns. d) The amount of sunlight received.
Three potential ways the climate could change? a) Drier, faster, or cloudier b) Cooler, windier, or drier c) Colder, wetter, or warmer d) Shorter, longer, or windier
How long does climate change happen naturally over? a) A few months (a single season) b) A short time (a few years) c) A very long period of time (hundreds of years) d) A decade (ten years)
Scientists believe that which factor is causing climate change to happen much more quickly than normal? a) Natural volcanic eruptions b) Changes in the sun’s energy c) Humans d) Ocean currents shifting
According to scientists, what is the Earth now doing? a) Getting colder b) Getting warmer c) Getting wetter d) Getting drier
The increase in the world’s temperature is also called what? a) Greenhouse effect b) Ozone depletion c) ‘Global warming’ d) Atmospheric pressure
What is Causing Climate Change?
What is the Earth surrounded by? a) Water and ice b) Mountains and forests c) Different gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide d) Layers of solid rock
What are the gases surrounding the Earth collectively called? a) The biosphere b) The lithosphere c) The atmosphere d) The stratosphere
The atmosphere acts like a blanket that performs which two functions for the Earth? a) Makes the Earth brighter and reduces wind. b) Keeps the Earth warm and stops it getting too cold. c) Filters all light and generates rain. d) Creates wind and causes temperature drops.
The way we live is causing what problem regarding the atmosphere? a) It is making the Earth colder. b) It is making the atmosphere thinner. c) It is making the Earth hotter. d) It is reducing the number of gases.
Answer Key
Question Number
Correct Answer
1
c
2
c
3
c
4
c
5
b
6
c
7
c
8
c
9
b
10
c
The Greenhouse Effect
What material is a traditional greenhouse made of? a) Wood b) Plastic sheeting c) Glass d) Metal
What is the purpose of using a greenhouse? a) To store equipment. b) To keep animals warm. c) To grow plants such as flowers and vegetables. d) To generate electricity.
A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during which season? a) Summer b) Autumn c) Spring d) Winter
During the day, what does sunlight do inside the greenhouse? a) Cools the plants and the air. b) Shines in and warms the plants and the air inside. c) Is entirely reflected by the glass roof. d) Only warms the floor.
Why does the greenhouse get warmer and warmer during the day? a) Because the plants create their own heat. b) Because the glass attracts more sunlight. c) Because the heat is trapped by the glass and can’t escape. d) Because the air is constantly circulated.
At night, how does the temperature inside the greenhouse compare to the outside temperature? a) It is colder inside than outside. b) It is the same temperature inside and outside. c) It is warmer inside than outside. d) It cools rapidly to match the outside temperature.
What is the Earth’s atmosphere compared to, in its function? a) An oven b) A shield c) A blanket d) A mirror
Gases in the atmosphere, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2), do what job? a) They cool the Earth’s surface during the day. b) They cause rain to fall. c) They do what the roof of a greenhouse does. d) They reflect all sunlight away from Earth.
During the day, the Sun shines through the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface warms up due to what? a) Cloud cover b) Sunlight c) Wind energy d) Volcanic heat
At night, what happens to the heat from the Earth’s surface? a) It is completely blocked by the Moon. b) It is absorbed by the Earth’s core. c) It cools, releasing the heat back into the air. d) It heats the oceans.
Why is some of the heat released at night trapped? a) By the Sun’s magnetic field b) By water vapor only c) By the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. d) By the solid ground
What is the name given to this heat-trapping process by atmospheric gases? a) Global warming b) Climate change c) The greenhouse effect d) Thermal reflection
Answer Key
Question Number
Correct Answer
1
c
2
c
3
d
4
b
5
c
6
c
7
c
8
c
9
b
10
c
11
c
12
c
I will generate multiple-choice questions for the text discussing how humans are strengthening the greenhouse effect and the potential consequences of a warmer Earth, covering all sentences and facts.
Humans and Climate Change
What are humans doing to make the greenhouse effect stronger?
Scientists believe humans are causing too much of which gas to be released into the air? a) Oxygen b) Nitrogen c) Methane d) Carbon dioxide
When is carbon dioxide released into the air? a) When we grow plants. b) When we burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. c) When we recycle materials. d) When we use electric power.
Which four types of vehicles are mentioned as giving off carbon dioxide fumes? a) Boats, trains, bicycles, and scooters b) Cars, buses, trucks, and planes c) Tanks, ships, helicopters, and motorbikes d) Trams, taxis, rockets, and jets
Besides the fumes from vehicles and factories, what natural process releases carbon dioxide into the air? a) Planting new trees b) Cutting down and burning trees c) The process of rain falling d) Oceans absorbing heat
What might happen if the Earth gets warmer?
If humans continue to produce too much carbon dioxide, what will keep rising? a) Sea levels b) The amount of rainfall c) The Earth’s temperature d) The world’s population
The continued rise in Earth’s temperature means that what will change all over the world? a) Trade patterns b) The economy c) The climate d) The animal habitats
If the Earth warms up too much, what natural feature will scientists think will melt? a) Mountain glaciers b) The Arctic tundra c) The polar ice caps d) Continental shelves
The melting of the polar ice caps will cause what to happen? a) Decreased rainfall b) Sea levels to rise c) Stronger winds d) Colder winters
Which type of places, such as Karachi, will be underwater if sea levels rise? a) Places on high plateaus b) Places near mountain ranges c) Places that are on low ground d) Places far inland
If sea levels rise and cause floods, what would everyone have to do? a) Build higher sea walls b) Switch to electric cars c) Leave their homes and find another place to live d) Start farming fish
In a flooded scenario, what two things would also be flooded? a) Roads and railways b) Power plants and airports c) Businesses and farms d) Schools and hospitals
Another possible effect of a warmer Earth is that some places might become what? a) Farmlands b) Desert c) Wetlands d) Forests
The desertification of places means there will be fewer places for people to live and what else? a) To find work b) To grow their crops c) To build homes d) To raise animals
It’s a Fact!
How much did sea levels rise across the world during the 20th century? a) Between 0.5 and 1.0 metre b) Exactly 1.0 metre c) Between 0.1 and 0.2 metres d) Less than 0.1 metre
Answer Key
Question Number
Correct Answer
1
d
2
b
3
b
4
b
5
c
6
c
7
c
8
b
9
c
10
c
11
c
12
b
13
b
14
c
Climate Change and Pakistan
Floods
What are the large rivers of frozen water in the Himalayas and Hindu Kush mountain ranges called? a) Ice sheets b) Snowbanks c) Glaciers d) Icebergs
What happens to the glaciers each summer, which is considered normal? a) They freeze more. b) They melt a little and the water flows into the rivers. c) They cause heavy snowfalls. d) They completely dry up.
The normal summer melting of glaciers helps to ensure what? a) That the winter is mild. b) That our rivers do not dry up. c) That the mountain tops remain cold. d) That the monsoon rains start early.
In the past few years, how have the glaciers been melting compared to normal? a) Much less, sending less water. b) The same amount as always. c) Much more, sending larger amounts of water. d) Only at night.
The increased glacier melt, combined with what other factor, caused terrible floods in 2010 and 2011? a) Severe earthquakes b) Increased wind c) Heavier than normal monsoon rains d) Extreme heat
The floods in 2010 and 2011 were the worst what that the country has ever had? a) Droughts b) Heatwaves c) Floods d) Monsoons
What do many scientists believe is the cause of both the heavier rain and the increased glacier melt? a) Natural weather cycles b) Pollution c) Climate change d) Deforestation
Drought
What is a drought defined as? a) A short period of hot weather. b) A season with heavy floods. c) A long period without rain. d) A year with mild winters.
Which province experienced a long drought in 2011? a) Punjab province b) Balochistan province c) Sindh province d) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province
What two difficulties did people face during the 2011 drought in Sindh province? a) Difficulty traveling and finding fuel. b) Difficulty building homes and finding clothing. c) Difficulty growing crops and having little water to drink. d) Difficulty exporting goods and services.
Drought is common in Pakistan, but what is happening to the droughts in recent years? a) They are becoming shorter. b) They are getting longer. c) They are becoming milder. d) They are becoming less frequent.
In the Thar region, how long did drought used to last? a) Only a few weeks b) For one year c) Up to five years d) Only six months
Today, droughts in the Thar region can last for how long? a) Up to six months b) Up to one year c) Up to three years d) Up to five years
What is the consequence of drought in terms of farming? a) Drought means more water for irrigation. b) Drought means less food can be grown. c) Drought means crops grow faster. d) Drought means farmers get higher prices.
What are people forced to do due to drought? a) Stay inside their homes. b) Stop farming completely. c) Move to try and find better places to live. d) Dig deeper wells.
Global warming could mean what for Pakistan? a) Less intense winters b) More industrial growth c) More drought d) More forest cover
If global warming leads to more drought, what are the two main consequences listed? a) Less energy and less fuel. b) Less water to grow crops and less water to drink. c) Less food imported and less medicine. d) Less pollution and less traffic.
It’s a Fact!
Where did all of the ten warmest years in world climate history happen? a) Over the last century. b) During the 2000s. c) In the past fifteen years. d) Before the Industrial Revolution.
Answer Key
Question Number
Correct Answer
1
c
2
b
3
b
4
c
5
c
6
c
7
c
8
b
9
c
10
c
11
b
12
b
13
c
14
b
15
c
16
c
17
b
18
c
Climate Change Solutions
What can Pakistan do to help stop climate change?
Many countries are trying to find ways to stop climate change by using what type of resources instead of fossil fuels? a) Imported energy resources b) Nuclear energy resources c) Renewable energy resources d) Coal and oil
Renewable energy resources are defined as those that will not run out, such as which three sources? a) Coal, oil, and gas b) Nuclear, hydro, and natural gas c) Wind, Sun, and water d) Biomass, coal, and oil
Today, what percentage of Pakistan’s energy (electricity) production comes from natural gas? a) 8% b) 13% c) 35% d) 31%
What is the percentage of energy produced from coal and oil, respectively? a) Coal 8%, Oil 35% b) Coal 3%, Oil 9% c) Coal 13%, Oil 31% d) Coal 35%, Oil 31%
What percentage of Pakistan’s current energy production comes from hydro (water) and nuclear resources? a) Hydro 35%, Nuclear 31% b) Hydro 13%, Nuclear 3% c) Hydro 8%, Nuclear 3% d) Hydro 9%, Nuclear 1%
According to the statistics, what percentage of Pakistan’s current energy production comes from renewables? a) 9% b) 8% c) 3% d) 1%
Solar power is ideal for Pakistan due to the long hours of sunshine, especially in which two provinces? a) Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa b) Sindh and Balochistan c) Balochistan and Punjab d) Sindh and Gilgit-Baltistan
Solar power is very useful in villages that have what characteristic? a) Are very small. b) Are a long way from city electricity supplies. c) Are near a river. d) Have many trees.
Solar panels can sometimes be seen in cities on houses and on what else? a) Schools b) Cars c) Street lights d) Buses
The coastal areas of Sindh and Balochistan and the desert areas of Sindh and Punjab are perfect for wind turbines because they are very what? a) Sunny b) Wet c) Hot d) Windy
Hydroelectricity could be developed more in Northern Pakistan because the region has many what? a) Large cities b) Factories c) Water sources d) Mountains
In the Biomass and Biogas category, what two sources can be used to create a clean gas? a) Wind and sun b) Water and coal c) Plants and animal dung d) Petroleum and oil
What is the clean gas created from plant and animal dung used for? a) Generating power for cars b) Cooking and heating c) Manufacturing chemicals d) Growing crops
What is the main problem with developing new ways of creating electricity, besides the time it takes? a) It needs too much sun. b) It costs a lot of money. c) It uses too much water. d) It requires imported labor.
What can I do to help stop climate change?
The first suggestion to help stop climate change is to use your car less, as cars run on fossil fuels which release what into the air? a) Oxygen b) Heat c) Water vapour d) Carbon dioxide
Instead of traveling in your car, what two alternatives are suggested? a) Take a train or a plane. b) Walk or use your bike. c) Take a taxi or a boat. d) Fly or swim.
What are two ways to reduce car usage when traveling to school? a) Take a train or fly. b) Drive your own car or walk. c) Try to share your car or come by bus. d) Use a scooter or a motorbike.
The three Rs stand for what? a) Research, Revise, and Relax b) Reduce, recycle, and re-use c) Rewrite, Relearn, and Report d) Run, Rest, and Rehydrate
Recycling uses less energy than doing what? a) Burning waste b) Making things from new c) Throwing things away d) Buying second-hand items
If you recycle paper, what is the direct benefit mentioned? a) Less waste is produced. b) More money is saved. c) Fewer trees are cut down. d) More energy is used.
Trees are very important because they take in carbon dioxide from the air and give out what for us to breathe? a) Water vapor b) Nitrogen c) Oxygen d) Methane
The more trees the world has, the better what will be? a) The weather b) The economy c) The climate d) The traffic
We make a lot of our electricity by burning which three fossil fuels? a) Wood, coal, or solar b) Water, wind, or gas c) Burning oil, coal, or gas d) Nuclear, solar, or hydro
Turning down or turning off fans or air conditioning helps to save what? a) Water b) Fuel c) Electricity d) Money
Energy-efficient light bulbs are recommended because they use much less energy than what? a) Solar panels b) The old style ones c) Gas lamps d) Candles
Don’t leave your TV or other electrical appliances on because this uses a lot of what? a) Water b) Energy c) Space d) Time
Buying food grown by local farmers is encouraged because food sometimes travels a long way by what two methods to get to our shops? a) Ship or train b) Road or plane c) Truck or ferry d) Foot or bicycle
What is the key fact given about most of the world’s cities? a) They are inland. b) They are in the mountains. c) They are on the coast. d) They are in deserts.
What is the consequence for these coastal cities if sea levels rise too much? a) They will become harbors. b) They will get colder. c) They will all flood. d) They will all dry up.
