Questions – Page 6
- What appears to be happening in this scene?
The carving shows Viking warriors fighting or raiding. Vikings were known for attacking towns and ships, so this might be a battle or a raid. - What weapons are being used?
Vikings used axes, swords, and spears. They were strong fighters and also had special ships (longboats) that helped them travel and attack quickly.
Page 7
What does this engraving suggest about medical knowledge in medieval times?
- Medicine back then was not scientific.
- Doctors used strange things like toad teeth to try to cure sickness.
- They didn’t understand real causes of diseases (like germs).
1. Why were cathedrals and castles the greatest buildings?
- Churches were the most important places—people believed they were God’s house.
- Castles were strong and protected kings and lords.
2. Why were cathedrals built so tall?
- To show God’s power—taller = closer to heaven.
- To impress people and show the Church’s wealth.
Page 8
1. Where is the king sitting, and how can you identify him?
- The king sits in the middle or highest place.
- You can tell because he wears a crown or fancy robes.
2. Classify these people:
- Spiritual (Church) leaders:
- Bishop of Durham
- Cardinal Thomas Wolsey
- Archbishop of Canterbury
- Temporal (non-Church) leaders:
- Sir Geoffrey of Scrope
- Earl of Leicester
3. Which part of parliament is shown?
- The upper house (House of Lords)—because it has bishops and nobles, not common people.
Page 9
Silk Road Camel Caravan
1. How were goods transported on the Silk Road?
- By camels: They carried heavy loads like silk, spices, and gold across deserts.
- By ships: Some goods traveled by sea to places like Italy and China.
2. What dangers did travelers face?
- Robbers: Thieves attacked caravans to steal valuable goods.
- Harsh weather: Deserts were extremely hot, and mountains were cold and dangerous.
- Diseases: Sick travelers could spread illnesses like the Black Death.
Printing Press (Aldus Manutius)
1. What was the impact of the printing press?
- Books became cheaper and faster to make.
- More people learned to read because books were no longer just for the rich.
- New ideas spread quickly, helping the Renaissance grow.
2. What is humanism?
- A belief that people are important (not just religion).
- It encouraged learning, art, and science (like ancient Greek ideas).
3. Why did Aldus encourage reading classics?
- He wanted people to learn from smart ancient thinkers (like Plato).
- He believed old books could make society better.
Page 10
Sultan Suleyman & the Ottoman Empire
1. How can you identify Suleyman in the painting?
- He is sitting in the center or on a throne.
- He wears fancy clothes, a big turban, or gold jewelry (showing he’s the leader).
2. Who are the other people?
- Advisors, generals, and servants—they helped the sultan rule the empire.
3. What does Ottoman clothing tell us?
- Rich fabrics and detailed designs show the empire was wealthy and powerful.
- Turbans and robes were common, showing their Islamic culture.
Page 11
1. Fall of Rome’s Impact on Europe
- Europe became unsafe and divided into small kingdoms.
- No strong government – local lords ruled instead (feudalism).
- Less trade, less learning – the “Dark Ages” began.
2. Middle Ages vs. Renaissance (Venn Diagram)
| Middle Ages | Both | Renaissance |
|---|---|---|
| – Feudal system | – Happened in Europe | – New art & science |
| – Church controlled everything | – Big changes in society | – People questioned the Church |
| – Few inventions | – Printing press spread ideas |
3. Church Power Over Time (Flow Chart)
- Ancient Times: Church & kings shared power.
- Middle Ages: Church very powerful (even more than kings).
- Renaissance: People questioned the Church (Reformation).
- Modern Times: Church lost political power (still important for religion).
4. Silk Road: Good & Bad Effects
✅ Good:
- Trade brought silk, spices, and new ideas between Asia & Europe.
- Helped cultures learn from each other (science, art).
❌ Bad:
- Diseases (like Black Death) spread along the route.
- Robbers and wars made travel dangerous.
5. Which Time Would You Live In?
- Renaissance (best choice): More art, science, and freedom to think.
- Viking Age: Exciting but dangerous (raids, wars).
- Ottoman Empire: Rich culture but strict rules.
(Pick one and say why! Example: “I’d choose the Renaissance to learn new ideas.”)
6. Support King OR Parliament? (1295 England)
If you support the KING:
- “The king keeps order. Without him, England will be chaotic!”
If you support PARLIAMENT:
- “Laws should be fair for everyone, not just what the king wants.”
(Pick one side and give one reason.)
Page 12
Spanish vs. Haitians Battle
- Why did they fight?
- Spanish wanted gold, land, and slaves.
- Haitians defended their homes.
- Who won?
- Spanish (they had guns, armor, and horses).
Page 14
European Colonization (Bolivia Plantation)
- Two new things after colonization:
- European-style houses
- Plantation farms (growing crops for profit)
- Which country colonized here?
- Spain (they ruled most of South America).
- What did Spain gain?
- Gold, silver, and free labor (slavery).
European Explorers
- Which countries explored?
- Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands.
- They wanted gold, spices, and new lands.
- Why did New World civilizations fall?
- European guns & horses were stronger.
- Diseases (smallpox) killed millions of natives.
- Were European actions okay?
- No: They killed and enslaved people for money.
- (Or yes, if you think they “helped progress” – but this is debated.)
- American Culture Poster Ideas:
- Before Europeans: Aztecs, Maya, Inca.
- After: Mixed cultures (Spanish + Native).
Copy Questions
Q1. Which countries embarked on voyages of Discovery and what did they hope to gain from these?
Ans .The Europeans led the Age of Exploration. Portuguese and Spanish explorers undertook the earliest voyages. For the first time, Europeans saw the west and east coasts of Africa and sailed to India. They hoped to gain new land, wealth, and trade routes.
Q2. Do you think the actions of European explorers such as the Spanish were justifiable? Explain your answer.
Q3. Why New World Civilizations Were Easily Decimated
1. Disease (Main Killer)
- Europeans brought diseases like smallpox
- Indigenous people had no immunity
- Over 50% of Incas died from smallpox alone
2. Superior Military Power
- Europeans had better weapons and armor
- Used “vicious invasion tactics”
- Indigenous weapons couldn’t match European technology
3. Cultural Destruction
- Forced indigenous people to abandon their customs
- Imposed European religion (Christianity)
- Destroyed native belief systems and social structures
4. Exploitation
- Used indigenous people as slave labor
- Stole land and resources
- Europeans only cared about gaining wealth
5. European Attitude
- Completely ignored indigenous rights
Saw indigenous people as “barbarians”
Believed Europeans were superior